2021.1.31 Linux 常用命令全拼

• pwd: print work directory 打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径
• ps: process status(进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器)
  常用参数：－auxf
  ps -auxf 显示进程状态
• df: disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。
• du: Disk usage
• rpm：即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的发明之一
• rmdir：Remove Directory（删除目录）
• rm：Remove（删除目录或文件）
• cat: concatenate 连锁
• cat file1file2>>file3 把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到file3中
• insmod: install module,载入模块
• ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式
• mkdir：Make Directory(创建目录)
• touch: touch
• man: Manual
• su：Swith user(切换用户)
• cd：Change directory
• ls：List files
• ps：Process Status
• mkdir：Make directory
• rmdir：Remove directory
• mkfs: Make file system
• fsck：File system check
• uname: Unix name
• lsmod: List modules
• mv: Move file
• rm: Remove file
• cp: Copy file
• ln: Link files
• fg: Foreground
• bg: Background
• chown: Change owner
• chgrp: Change group
• chmod: Change mode
• umount: Unmount
• dd: 本来应根据其功能描述"Convert an copy"命名为"cc"，但"cc"已经被用以代表"CComplier"，所以命名为"dd"
• tar：Tape archive （磁带档案）
• ldd：List dynamic dependencies
• insmod：Install module
• rmmod：Remove module
• lsmod：List module
• 文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration
• Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）
• .a（扩展名a）：Archive，static library
• .so（扩展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
• .o（扩展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file
• RPM：Red hat package manager
• dpkg：Debian package manager
• apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供）
  

其他 Linux 命令缩写

1. bin = Binaries (二进制文件)
   
2. 
   
3. /dev = Devices (设备)
   
4. 
   
5. /etc = Etcetera (等等)
   
6. 
   
7. /lib = LIBrary
   
8. 
   
9. /proc = Processes
   
10. 
    
11. /sbin = Superuser Binaries (超级用户的二进制文件)
    
12. 
    
13. /tmp = Temporary (临时)
    
14. 
    
15. /usr = Unix Shared Resources
    
16. 
    
17. /var = Variable (变量)
    
18. 
    
19. FIFO = First In, First Out
    
20. 
    
21. GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
    
22. 
    
23. IFS= Internal Field Seperators
    
24. 
    
25. LILO = LInux LOader
    
26. 
    
27. MySQL = My 是最初作者女儿的名字，
    
28. 
    
29. SQL = Structured QueryLanguage
    
30. 
    
31. PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor
    
32. 
    
33. PS = Prompt String
    
34. 
    
35. Perl = “Pratical Extraction and Report Language”(实际的抽取和报告语言) =”Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”
    
36. 
    
37. Python 得名于电视剧Monty Python’s Flying Circus
    
38. 
    
39. Tcl = Tool Command Language
    
40. 
    
41. Tk = ToolKit
    
42. 
    
43. VT = Video Terminal
    
44. 
    
45. YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
    
46. 
    
47. apache = “a patchy” server
    
48. 
    
49. apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
    
50. 
    
51. ar = archiver
    
52. 
    
53. as = assembler
    
54. 
    
55. awk = “Aho Weiberger and Kernighan”三个作者的姓的第一个字母
    
56. 
    
57. bash = Bourne Again SHell
    
58. 
    
59. bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
    
60. 
    
61. bg = BackGround
    
62. 
    
63. biff = 作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。
    
64. 
    
65. cal = Calendar (日历)
    
66. 
    
67. cat = Catenate (链接)
    
68. 
    
69. cd = Change Directory
    
70. 
    
71. chgrp = Change Group
    
72. 
    
73. chmod = Change Mode
    
74. 
    
75. chown = Change Owner
    
76. 
    
77. chsh = Change Shell
    
78. 
    
79. cmp = compare
    
80. 
    
81. cobra = Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture
    
82. 
    
83. comm = common
    
84. 
    
85. cp = Copy
    
86. 
    
87. cpio = CoPy In and Out
    
88. 
    
89. cpp = C Pre Processor
    
90. 
    
91. cron = Chronos 希腊文时间
    
92. 
    
93. cups = Common Unix Printing System
    
94. 
    
95. cvs = Current Version System
    
96. 
    
97. daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
    
98. 
    
99. dc = Desk Calculator
    
100. 
     
101. dd = Disk Dump (磁盘转储)
     
102. 
     
103. df = Disk Free
     
104. 
     
105. diff = Difference
     
106. 
     
107. dmesg = diagnostic message
     
108. 
     
109. du = Disk Usage
     
110. 
     
111. ed = editor
     
112. 
     
113. egrep = Extended GREP
     
114. 
     
115. elf = Extensible Linking Format
     
116. 
     
117. elm = ELectronic Mail
     
118. 
     
119. emacs = Editor MACroS
     
120. 
     
121. eval = EVALuate
     
122. 
     
123. ex = EXtended
     
124. 
     
125. exec = EXECute (执行)
     
126. 
     
127. fd = file descriptors
     
128. 
     
129. fg = ForeGround
     
130. 
     
131. fgrep = Fixed GREP
     
132. 
     
133. fmt = format
     
134. 
     
135. fsck = File System ChecK
     
136. 
     
137. fstab = FileSystem TABle
     
138. 
     
139. fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
     
140. 
     
141. gawk = GNU AWK
     
142. 
     
143. gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
     
144. 
     
145. groff = GNU troff
     
146. 
     
147. hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
     
148. 
     
149. joe = Joe’s Own Editor
     
150. 
     
151. ksh = Korn SHell
     
152. 
     
153. lame = Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder
     
154. 
     
155. lex = LEXical analyser
     
156. 
     
157. lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses
     
158. 
     
159. ln = Link
     
160. 
     
161. lpr = Line PRint
     
162. 
     
163. ls = list
     
164. 
     
165. lsof = LiSt Open Files
     
166. 
     
167. m4 = Macro processor Version 4
     
168. 
     
169. man = MANual pages
     
170. 
     
171. mawk = Mike Brennan’s AWK
     
172. 
     
173. mc = Midnight Commander
     
174. 
     
175. mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
     
176. 
     
177. mknod = Make Node
     
178. 
     
179. motd = Message of The Day
     
180. 
     
181. mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
     
182. 
     
183. mtab = Mount TABle
     
184. 
     
185. mv = Move
     
186. 
     
187. nano = Nano’s ANOther editor
     
188. 
     
189. nawk = New AWK
     
190. 
     
191. nl = Number of Lines
     
192. 
     
193. nm = names
     
194. 
     
195. nohup = No HangUP
     
196. 
     
197. nroff = New ROFF
     
198. 
     
199. od = Octal Dump
     
200. 
     
201. passwd = Passwd
     
202. 
     
203. pg = pager
     
204. 
     
205. pico = PIne’s message COmposition editor
     
206. 
     
207. pine = “Program for Internet News &Email” = “Pine is not Elm”
     
208. 
     
209. ping = 拟声 又 = Packet Internet Grouper
     
210. 
     
211. pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
     
212. 
     
213. popd = POP Directory
     
214. 
     
215. pr = pre
     
216. 
     
217. printf = Print Formatted
     
218. 
     
219. ps = Processes Status
     
220. 
     
221. pty = pseudo tty
     
222. 
     
223. pushd = PUSH Directory
     
224. 
     
225. pwd = Print Working Directory
     
226. 
     
227. rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell
     
228. 
     
229. rev = REVerse
     
230. 
     
231. rm = ReMove
     
232. 
     
233. rn = Read News
     
234. 
     
235. roff = RunOFF
     
236. 
     
237. rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager
     
238. 
     
239. rsh, rlogin, rvim中的
     
240. 
     
241. r = Remote
     
242. 
     
243. rxvt = ouR XVT
     
244. 
     
245. seamoneky = 我
     
246. 
     
247. sed = Stream Editor
     
248. 
     
249. seq = SEQuence
     
250. 
     
251. shar = Shell ARchive
     
252. 
     
253. slrn = S-Lang rn
     
254. 
     
255. ssh = Secure Shell
     
256. 
     
257. ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
     
258. 
     
259. stty = Set TTY
     
260. 
     
261. su = Substitute User
     
262. 
     
263. svn = SubVersion
     
264. 
     
265. tar = Tape ARchive
     
266. 
     
267. tcsh = TENEX C shell
     
268. 
     
269. tee = T (T形水管接口)
     
270. 
     
271. telnet = TEminaL over Network
     
272. 
     
273. termcap = terminal capability
     
274. 
     
275. terminfo = terminal information
     
276. 
     
277. tex = τέχνη的缩写，希腊文art
     
278. 
     
279. tr = traslate
     
280. 
     
281. troff = Typesetter new ROFF
     
282. 
     
283. tsort = Topological SORT
     
284. 
     
285. tty = TeleTypewriter
     
286. 
     
287. twm = Tom’s Window Manager
     
288. 
     
289. tz = TimeZone
     
290. 
     
291. udev = Userspace DEV
     
292. 
     
293. ulimit = User’s LIMIT
     
294. 
     
295. umask = User’s MASK
     
296. 
     
297. uniq = UNIQue
     
298. 
     
299. i = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
     
300. 
     
301. vim = Vi IMproved
     
302. 
     
303. wall = write all
     
304. 
     
305. wc = Word Count
     
306. 
     
307. wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
     
308. 
     
309. xargs = eXtended ARGuments
     
310. 
     
311. xdm = X Display Manager
     
312. 
     
313. xlfd = X Logical Font Description
     
314. 
     
315. xmms = X Multimedia System
     
316. 
     
317. xrdb = X Resources DataBase
     
318. 
     
319. xwd = X Window Dump
     
320. 
     
321. yacc = yet another compiler compiler
     
322. 
     
323. Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell
     
324. 
     
325. su = Switch User
     
326. 
     
327. MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
     
328. 
     
329. ECMA = European Computer ManufacturersAssociation

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