第五讲笔记

1.编写测试用例时，应先写正确的用例，再写异常的用例。
2.编写测试用例时，用例步骤中若要写“如：”，应当遵循逻辑，合理举例，尽量考虑周全。
e=1","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"f2Rt-1658827233028","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"MOPP-1658827233027","leaves":[{"text":"与  且 &&  ==》多个原因同时出现，则结果一定出现","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"YBwK-1658827233030","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"pvqU-1658827233029","leaves":[{"text":"c1 = 1 and c2 = 1 => e=1","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"BgYV-1658827233032","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"UKO6-1658827233031","leaves":[{"text":"约束符号","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"c8fZ-1658827233034","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"ZN51-1658827233033","leaves":[{"text":"E：异  ==>男女  ==》要么不选，要选只能选一个","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Bfgl-1658827233036","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"7xDD-1658827233035","leaves":[{"text":"I：或  ==》多个原因只要有一个出现，则结果一定出现c1 = 1,c2=0 ==》e=1","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"fpMJ-1658827233038","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"StZt-1658827233037","leaves":[{"text":"O：唯一 ==》必须选一个，不能同时选或者同时不选，必填项男女","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"QpTL-1658827233040","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Q6G3-1658827233039","leaves":[{"text":"R：要求 ==》南京市 ==》江苏省","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"sTU7-1658827233042","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"5iNH-1658827233041","leaves":[{"text":"M：结果与结果之间关系","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"yXSc-1658827233044","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"VTJZ-1658827233043","leaves":[{"text":"面试题：","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"UVFL-1658827233046","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"9SSN-1658827233045","leaves":[{"text":"你上一家公司是怎么用因果图来设计用例的？","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Vgon-1658827233048","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"UFLl-1658827233047","leaves":[{"text":"我们上一家公司一般不会用因果图，但是如果需求当中由因果关系的需求","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"rcKj-1658827233051","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"YqRa-1658827233049","leaves":[{"text":"我们会把因果关系中的原因作为条件桩，结果作为动作桩，从而把因果图","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":&quotUC5-1658827233053","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"DGfK-1658827233052","leaves":[{"text":"转化为判定表，来设计测试用例","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}}]">2、判定表
由4个组成部分
条件桩
条件项
动作桩
动作项
结构：由4个部分组成
1）条件桩（condition stub）:列出问题的所有 条件（通常条件次序无关紧要）。
2）条件项（condition entry）：列出针对它条 件的取值（所有情况下的真假值）
3）动作桩（action stub）：列出问题规定可采 取的动作（顺序无约束）。
4）动作项（action entry）：列出条件各种情况 的应采取的动作。
例子：12306登录功能  ==》账号  密码  验证码
条件桩：账号  密码  验证码
条件项：账号  密码  验证码==》三种组合场景
动作桩：登录成功  登录失败
动作项：条件项：账号  密码  验证码==》三种组合场景==》每种组合会得到一种结果
1为真  0为假   y 成功  n 失败
条件桩                                  条件项
账号     1  1 1 0 1 0 0 0
密码     1  0 1 1 0 1 0 0
验证码   1  1 0 1 0 0 1 0
动作桩                                  动作项
登录成功 y
登录失败    n n n n n  n
23、因果图
1）因果图的基本符号
C cause ==》原因
E end   ==》结果
假设1为真  0为假   与 两两为真则位真， 或 只要一个为真则为真
恒等 ==  ==》当原因出现的时候，结果一定出现 ==》c = 1,e = 1
非 not  ==》当原因出现的时候，结果一定不出现 ==》c = 1,e =0
或 or  ||   ==》多个原因只要有一个出现，则结果一定出现
c1 = 1 or c2 = 0 => e=1
与  且 &&  ==》多个原因同时出现，则结果一定出现
c1 = 1 and c2 = 1 => e=1
约束符号
E：异  ==>男女  ==》要么不选，要选只能选一个
I：或  ==》多个原因只要有一个出现，则结果一定出现c1 = 1,c2=0 ==》e=1
O：唯一 ==》必须选一个，不能同时选或者同时不选，必填项男女
R：要求 ==》南京市 ==》江苏省
M：结果与结果之间关系
面试题：
你上一家公司是怎么用因果图来设计用例的？
我们上一家公司一般不会用因果图，但是如果需求当中由因果关系的需求
我们会把因果关系中的原因作为条件桩，结果作为动作桩，从而把因果图
转化为判定表，来设计测试用例