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Black"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"eTxg-1661417631200","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"T35M-1661417631201","leaves":[{"text":"print(list1)#[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial Black"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]},{"text":"\r","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial Black"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"kEIy-1661417631202","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"dR5y-1661417631203","leaves":[{"text":"\r","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial Black"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"b0tO-1661417631204","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"3uxG-1661417631205","leaves":[{"text":"list1=[1,2,3,4,5]#定义列表\r","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial Black"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"VucQ-1661417631206","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"LVIk-1661417631207","leaves":[{"text":"# list1.pop()#默认删除末尾的值\r","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial Black"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"qY5k-1661417631208","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"QgEG-1661417631209","leaves":[{"text":"# print(list1)\r","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial Black"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"NZhG-1661417631210","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"InKD-1661417631211","leaves":[{"text":"#查看删除的值\r","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial Black"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"6j0j-1661417631212","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"ZSiO-1661417631213","leaves":[{"text":"#print(list1.pop())# 5直接打印被删除的值\r","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial Black"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"AWoR-1661417631214","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"RXV1-1661417631215","leaves":[{"text":"list1.pop(4)#通过索引删除对应的值\r","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial Black"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"wqMn-1661417631216","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"h7Gq-1661417631217","leaves":[{"text":"print(list1)#[1","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial Black"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}}]'>索引
正向索引 0123456
#a=abcdefg
反向索引-7-6-5-4-3-2-1
切片
【起始索引位：结果索引位：步长值】
切片语法中:包含起始不包含结束，步长值不能为0,可以为1(默认为1),1表示不隔位
a = 'abcdefg'
print(a)
print(a[3])#d 截取当前索引值为3对应的值
print(a[-3])#e 截取当前索引值为-3对应的值
print(a[3:5])#de 从索引值3开始取，到结束索引5 3-4有值
print(a[1:4])#bcd 从索引值1开始取，到结束索引4 1-2-3有值
print(a[2:-1])#cdef
print(a[:-1])#abcdef
print(a[0:])#abcdefg
print(a[1:6])#bcdef
print(a[1:6:2])#bdf
print(a[1:6:3])#be
print(a[::1])#abcdefg 为空则取所有
print(a[::-1])#gfedcba 把字符串的串的值进行反向输出
print(a[-2:-5:-1])#fed
print(a[-3:-6:-2])#ec
起始索引及结束索引位控制取值范围,步长值控制取值方向及隔位取值
字符串
字符串的定义用单引号或双引号
类型：str
a ='aassaas' #通过单引号定义一个字符串
a1 ="adasda" #通过双引号定义一个字符串
print(type(a))#打印类型为
print(type(a1))
常用函数
st='hello'#定义字符串
#对字符中首字母小写改为大写
st1=st.capitalize()
print(st1)#Hello
print(st.capitalize())#Hello
count 统计字符串中元素出现的次数
st='hello'#定义字符串
st1=st.count('l')#通过变量来接收值
print(st1)#2
print(st.count('l'))#2
#join 拼接
st='hello'#定义字符串
print(''.join(st))#hell*o
list=['h','e','l','l','o']
print(list)#['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']
print(''.join(list))#hello
split 分割
st='he,llo'#定义字符串
print(type(st))#
st1=st.split(',')#把字符串中多余的元素分割掉
print(st1)#['he', 'llo']
#注：通过split分割后的结果类型是list(列表)
print(type(st1))#
print(''.join(st1))#hello
print(type(''.join(st1)))#
删除字符
strip :删除字符串的开头和结尾的元素
lstip：删除字符串开头的元素，不能删除结尾
rsertip:删除字符串结尾的元素，不能删开头的
st='hello'#定义字符串
print(st.strip('h'))#ello
print(st.strip('llo'))#he
print(st.lstrip('h'))#ello
print(st.rstrip('o'))#hell
判断字符以什么开始或结束，返回的是布尔值
startswith 判断是否以某某开头，是返回true 反之false
endswith 判断是否以某某结尾，是返回true 反之false
st='hello'#定义字符串
print(st.startswith("he"))#True
print(st.startswith('e'))#False
print(st.endswith('llo'))#True
print(st.endswith('ll'))#False
获取指定值的索引值
find 从左开始查找
rfind 从右开始查找
st='hello'#定义字符串
print(st.find('l'))#2
print(st.rfind('l'))#3
#替换函数
st='hello'#定义字符串
print(st.replace('l','2'))#he22o 默认替换指定值，所有
print(st.replace('l','3',1))#he3lo 把l换成3 1表示次数
print(st.replace('hello','xiaoliu'))
print(st.replace(st,'小刘'))#小刘 替换所有
st='hello'#定义字符串
#把所有的小写字母变为大写
print(st.upper())#HELLO
st='HELLO'#定义字符串
#把所有的大写字母变为小写
print(st.lower())#hello
#判断是否全部为数字，返回布尔值 是true 反之false
st1='he33o' #定义字符串
st2='123456' #定义字符串
print(st1.isdigit())#False 不满足全部为数字
print(st2.isdigit())#True 满足全部为数字
#判断是否全部为字母，返回布尔值
st1='he33o' #定义字符串
st2='123456' #定义字符串
st3='HEllo'#定义字符串
print(st1.isalpha())#False
print(st2.isalpha())#False
print(st3.isalpha())#True
#判断是否为全数字或全字母或数字字母组合；有特殊符号时为否 返回布尔值
st1='he33o' #定义字符串
st2='123456' #定义字符串
st3='HEllo'#定义字符串
st4='he#llo'#定义字符串
print(st1.isalnum())#True
print(st2.isalnum())#True
print(st3.isalnum())#True
print(st4.isalnum())#False
#判断首写字母是否为大写，其他为小写
st1='A'
st2='AA'
st3='A1234'
st4='Aaaa'
st5='Aaa@'
st6='aaaaa'
print(st1.istitle())#True
print(st2.istitle())#False
print(st3.istitle())#True
print(st4.istitle())#True
print(st5.istitle())#True
print(st6.istitle())#False
#判断字符串全部为大写或小写
#isupper 判断全部为大写
#islower 判断全部为小写
st1='szfddsfds' #定义字符串
print(st1.isupper())#False 判断全部为大写
print(st1.islower())#True 判断全部为小写
st2='sssDDDS'#定义字符串
print(st2.isupper())#False
print(st2.islower())#False
st3='ass1234'
print(st3.isupper())#False
print(st3.islower())#True
st4='AAA1234'
print(st4.isupper())#True
print(st4.islower())#False
st5='AAAAA'
print(st5.isupper())#True
print(st5.islower())#False
列表
[]中括号来义
list =['123']#定义列表
print(type(list))#
print(list)#['123']
list1=list('234')
print(type(list1))#
a ='2'#定义字符串
print(type(a))#
c=list(a)#通过list把字符串变为列表
print(type(c))#
list=['hello','1','2','3','4','5','6']#定义列表
#列表中的每个元素都要一个索引
print(list[0])#hello
print(list[4])#4
list=['hello','1','2','3','4','5','6']#定义列表
list[2]="xiaoliu" #通过索引把对应索引的值进行替换
print(list)#['hello', '1', 'xiaoliu', '3', '4', '5', '6']
#python3中可以直接打印中文,python2中不可以直接打印中文
list=[1,2,3,4]#定义列表
print(type(list))#
list.append('hello')#添加元素
print(list)#[1, 2, 3, 4, 'hello']
列表拼接
list1=[1,2,3,4]#定义列表
list2=[5,6,7,8]#定义列表
list1.extend(list2)
print(list1)#[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
往列表中指定索引位添加数据
list1=[1,2,3,4]#定义列表
list1.insert(2,'hello')#
print(list1)#[1, 2, 'hello', 3, 4]
查找列表中指定元素取对应的索引
list1=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]#定义列表
print(list1.index(1))#0 查找列表中1这个元素的索引位
移除元素(元素名称)
list1=[1,2,3,4,5]#定义列表
list1.remove(5)#把列表中的5这个元素进行删除
print(list1)#[1, 2, 3, 4]
删除元素(索引值)
list2=[1,2,3,4,5]#定义列表
del list2[4] #通过del 来删除索引值对应的数据
print(list2)#[1, 2, 3, 4]
升序排序
list1=[5,1,4,3,2]#定义一个列表
list1.sort()#对当前这个列表进行升序排序
print(list1)#[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
降序排序
list2=[5,1,4,3,2]#定义一个列表
#降序排序:True
print(sorted(list2,reverse=True))#[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
#升序排序：False
print(sorted(list2,reverse=False))#[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
对列表反转输出(面试常问)
list1=[1,2,3,4,5]#定义列表
list1.reverse()#对列表进行反转
print(list1)#[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
list1=[1,2,3,4,5]#定义列表
# list1.pop()#默认删除末尾的值
# print(list1)
#查看删除的值
#print(list1.pop())# 5直接打印被删除的值
list1.pop(4)#通过索引删除对应的值
print(list1)#[1
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