[ 本帖最后由 南京16刘伟 于 2023-3-14 19:34 编辑 ]\n\n<article data-content="[{"type":"block","id":"iJVl-1678527121475","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"5Gj0-1678527121474","leaves":[{"text":"设计用例的方法","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"ITPe-1678523721139","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"uz1a-1678523721136","leaves":[{"text":"1、黑盒（功能测试）测试设计用例有哪些？","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"zngq-1678523765400","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"eVsk-1678523765399","leaves":[{"text":"等价类 （重点）","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#FF0001"},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Msji-1678523796514","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"CqsQ-1678523796513","leaves":[{"text":"边界值（重点）","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#FF0001"},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"HAv0-1678523802007","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"WFa4-1678523802006","leaves":[{"text":"判定表","marks":[{"type":"underline"},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"1BQa-1678673517384","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"muVY-1678673517382","leaves":[{"text":"状态迁移图","marks":[{"type":"underline"},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"YqmA-1678673532660","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"7tEW-1678673532658","leaves":[{"text":"场景法","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"NJ2e-1678523817145","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"vFfy-1678523817145","leaves":[{"text":"因果图","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"LZJf-1678523849490","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"jt19-1678523849488","leaves":[{"text":"正交表","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"9hdD-1678526339635","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"mXtu-1678526339634","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"uzOs-1678523945741","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Urwu-1678523945741","leaves":[{"text":"Ⅰ 等价类划分法","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#FF0001"},{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"5q6i-1678526440634","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"YtwZ-1678526440632","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#FF0001"},{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"ZSIp-1678523984681","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"MJIb-1678523984680","leaves":[{"text":"1）等价类定义：指某个输入域的集合，在集合中各个输入的条件都是等效的。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"v4uq-1678524088546","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"cREt-1678524088537","leaves":[{"text":"例①","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#FF0001"},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"F9tL-1678524951494","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"diDn-1678524951493","leaves":[{"text":"公司系统搜索框对绩效进行查询条件输入1~100的正整数","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"xqxM-1678524159260","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"JERA-1678524159259","leaves":[{"text":"输入域：1~100","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"sJm7-1678524099496","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"pahy-1678524099495","leaves":[{"text":"集合：1~100之间所有的正整数 2 3 4 5 6....","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"FbPz-1678524104072","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"PjfS-1678524104070","leaves":[{"text":"等效：对于这个输入框来说不管输入 什么 都可以查询的","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"mMG0-1678524477656","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"eiD3-1678524477655","leaves":[{"text":"2）等价类分为","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"ZF54-1678524497384","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"KBVC-1678524497384","leaves":[{"text":"有效等价类：对程序规格说明有意义的、合理的输入数据","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"QQ3M-1678524565090","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Dd3T-1678524565088","leaves":[{"text":"1 2 3 ...99 100","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"E1tJ-1678524569498","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"N7h5-1678524569497","leaves":[{"text":"无效等价类：对程序规格说明无意义的、不合理的输入数据","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"HvcF-1678524621637","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"tRKm-1678524621637","leaves":[{"text":"≤1 或 ≥100 、小数点 特殊符号 等","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"2PUO-1678524884953","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"RVVS-1678524884952","leaves":[{"text":"例② ","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#FF0001"},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"KQ73-1678524954198","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"c3ps-1678524954197","leaves":[{"text":"微信聊天输入框：现有功能就是需求","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#000000"},{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"pA3z-1678525019744","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"BV70-1678525019743","leaves":[{"text":"有效等价类：文字、数字、特殊符号 英文 中文表情 视频 图片 文件等等","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"8VwS-1678525059483","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"wPCY-1678525059482","leaves":[{"text":"无效等价类：超出长度限制 超出图片大小 擦后厨文件大小 语音超出 等等","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"7F7C-1678525198056","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"QdYG-1678525198056","leaves":[{"text":"例③ ","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#FF0001"},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"SeL4-1678525208666","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"CclK-1678525208665","leaves":[{"text":"年龄 填写的年龄 1——200 正整数","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Zaek-1678525245833","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"0RmU-1678525245832","leaves":[{"text":"有效等价类：1 2 3 4...200","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"b9bY-1678525267444","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"CRmQ-1678525267443","leaves":[{"text":"无效等价类： 0.5 ＞200 中文 英文 ≤0 空 特殊符号","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"jHMW-1678701307032","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"vDPM-1678701307031","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontFamily","value":"Arial"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"5gCO-1678701307241","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"PKpb-1678701307239","leaves":[{"text":"等价类划分举例：","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":16},{"type":"bold"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"pYU9-1678701308082","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"4E4r-1678701308081","leaves":[{"text":"规定了输入值的范围或值的个数（如： 0<a1、黑盒（功能测试）测试设计用例有哪些？等价类 （重点）边界值（重点）判定表状态迁移图场景法因果图正交表【等价类划分法】1）等价类定义：指某个输入域的集合，在集合中各个输入的条件都是等效的。例①公司系统搜索框对绩效进行查询条件输入1~100的正整数输入域：1~100集合：1~100之间所有的正整数 2 3 4 5 6....等效：对于这个输入框来说不管输入 什么 都可以查询的2）等价类分为有效等价类：对程序规格说明有意义的、合理的输入数据1 2 3 ...99 100无效等价类：对程序规格说明无意义的、不合理的输入数据≤1 或 ≥100 、小数点 特殊符号 等例② 微信聊天输入框：现有功能就是需求有效等价类：文字、数字、特殊符号 英文 中文表情 视频 图片 文件等等无效等价类：超出长度限制 超出图片大小 擦后厨文件大小 语音超出 等等例③ 年龄 填写的年龄 1——200 正整数有效等价类：1 2 3 4...200无效等价类： 0.5 ＞200 中文 英文 ≤0 空 特殊符号等价类划分举例：规定了输入值的范围或值的个数（如： 0<a<100或输入</a<100或输入6-10个字符）输入值为布尔值（如：真或假）规定了输入数据的一组值（如文化程度：初 中、高中、大学）规定了输入规则时，可以划分出一个有效的等价类（符合规则）和若干个无效等价类（从不同角度违反规则）例子：QQ密码是由6-10位数字字符或者下划线字符或者英文字符组成 ==》从不同角度违反有效等价类：1 2 3 4 5 6 ==》符合长度 类型无效等价类：12345 ==》长度违反多测试==》类型 长度违反数据合理性选取 有效的1234561234567890abcdefgabcdefghij______________123abd123___abc___12ab__1234567/abcdefgi/_______无效等价类：12345 ==》长度违反多测师 ==》类型 长度违反数据合理性选取 无效的1234512345678901abcdeabcdefghijk____________!@#$%&多测师多测师空等价类划分的设计用例思路：1、找输入条件2、为每个输入条件找有效、无效等价类3、为每个等价类编号4、用最少的用例覆盖最多的有效等价类5、每一个无效等价类都是一个用例 比如：多测试多测 既违反了长度也违反类型6、并非所有有效等价类都有无效7、等价类的覆盖可以重复覆盖 123456==》长度 类型每家公司模版不一样 我上家公司模版 （用例编号、用例标题、前置条件、用例步骤、预期结果、优先级、场景） 一点一点写（正确和错误）不能随便乱写设计用例时测试用例包括哪些内容（要素、信息） 用例编号：用例的ID用例标题：用简洁的语言描述需要验证的功能（包含预期结果）前置条件：做这一步之前先做好什么用例步骤：详细描述操作过程，包括测试数据预期结果：根据操作步骤会得到什么样的结果 要与标题相呼应优先级：高 中 低场景 ： 正常场景 异常场景写用例需要注意哪些事项呢？1、一般用例以验证开头2、验证标题需要和步骤内容相呼应3、用例标题需要和预期结果相呼应4、等价类用例设计时描述一般用等于、大于、小于 ，在什么之间档案管理系统的用例取数据的合理性有效等价类：199001204912200002无效等价类非6位数字字符 中文 英文 特殊符19901199000119900a19900@19900多198901205001199900199913空常见的能够划分等价类的地方：数值范围 1-100重复次数 ATM机取钱 超过三次锁定字符串长度 输入6-10的字符字符串组中字符的个数 [1,2,3,4,6]文件命名 .png .gif .jpg .jpeg文件大小 0-5mb 文件大小屏幕的颜色种类 绿色 红色 黑色超时时间 一个程序响应时间10s
[边界值】边界点定义：边界上的点离点：离上点最近的点（即上点左右两边最邻近的点）内点：在域范围内的点例子1：公司系统搜索框对绩效进行查询条件输入1-100的正整数上点： 1，100 正常点离点： 0，101 异常点内点： 88 正常点 区域内点开区间 （1，100）上点： 1，100 异常点离点： 2，99 正常点内点： 88闭区间 [1，100]上点： 1，100 正常点离点： 0，101 异常点内点： 88半闭半开 [1，100）上点： 1 正常点 100 异常点离点： 0，异常点 99 正常点内点 88半开半闭 (1,100]上点： 1，异常 100正常离点： 2 正常点 101 异常点内点 88正常一个输入域用例设计用边界值设计方法测试用例的取数 ===2个上点 2个离点 1个内点 ==》5个点（长度）例子：qq注册密码是8-16位数字英文组成上点： 8，16离点：7 17内点 9例子：由11位数字组成的手机号码 ==》10 位 11位 12 位 ==》三个点边界值的描述验证在输入框输入11位数字组成的手机号码验证在输入框输入10位数字组成的手机号码验证在输入框输入12位数字组成的手机号码等价类的描述验证在输入框输入等于11位数字组成的手机号码验证在输入框输入小于11位数字组成的手机号码验证在输入框输入大于11位数字组成的手机号码边界条件分析：① 输入条件明确了一个值的取值范围或规定了值的个数1-100 ==》1，100 0，101 8811位的手机号② 输入条件明确了一个有序集合周一到周五打折 ==》{周一，周二，周三，周四，周五}边界值分析原则③ 如果输入（输出）条件规定了取值范围，则应该以该范围的边界内及边界附近的值作为测试用例 1-100 ==》1，100 0，101 88④ 如果输入（输出）条件规定了值的个数，则用最大个数，最小个数，比最小个数少一，比最大个数多一的数作为测试数据 1-100 ==》1，100 0，101 88⑤ 如果程序规格说明中提到的输入或输出是一个有序集合，应该注意选取有序集合的第一个和最后一个元素作为测试数据{周一，周二，周三，周四，周五} 周一 周五【状态迁移】订单==》已下单==》未支付==》已支付==》取消支付==》取消订单==》待配货==》已配货==》待发货==》已发货==》取消发货==》待收货==》取消收货==》已收货==》待评价==》已评价【场景法】例子1、适用于流程方面正常场景异常场景
登陆功能：正常场景正常账号 正确密码 登陆成功
异常场景1、正确账号 错误密码 登陆失败2、错误账号 正确密码 登录失败3、账号为空4、密码为空5、账号、密码都为空6、重复登陆同一个账号失败7、锁定的账号情况登陆
例子2 ATM取款机 主流程：插入银行卡==》输入密码==》选择服务==》取款==》选择金额或者输入金额==》取款成功异常场景 ：1.插入银行卡方向不正确2.插入消磁的银行卡3.插入他行银行卡4.挂失的银行卡5.损坏的银行卡6.输入错误的密码7.选择服务后返回上一步8.输入的金额大于银行卡余额9.输入的金额大于取款机余额10.输入的金额大于今日银行卡限额11.输入小数金额12.输入小于100的金额13.修改金额14.取消
【判定表】定义：分析和表达多逻辑条件下执行不同操作的情况
12306 登陆页面 账号 密码 验证码 y——真 n——假 结构 由4部分组成① 条件桩 列出问题的所有条件（通常条件次序无关紧要）账号 密码 验证码② 条件项 列出针对它条件的取值（所有情况下的真假值）账号 y n密码 y n验证码 y n③ 动作桩 列出问题规定可采取的动作（顺序无约束）登陆成功登陆失败④ 动作项 列出条件各种情况的应采取的动作账号 y n密码 y n验证码 y n针对这几种取值会取到 登陆成功 登陆失败
创建步骤：1、确定规则的个数：若有N个条件，每一个条件下有2个值，则有2^n种规则。2、列出所有条件桩与动作桩。3、输入条件项4、输入动作项得到初始判定表5、简化（合并相似规则）6、编写测试用例【因果图】1、因果图的基本符号C cause 原因E end 结果① 恒等 ： == ==》当原因出现的时候，结果一定出现c = 1 e = 1 否则就不会出现②非 not ==》当原因出现的时候，结果一定不出现c = 1 e = 0③ 或 or ==》多个原因中有一个原因出现，结果一定出现c1 =1 c2 = 1 e = 1 c1 = 1 c2 = 0 e =1④ 与 且 ==》多个原因同时出现，结果才出现c1 =1 且 c2 =1 e =12、约束符号原因与原因的关系E 异：男 女 要么都不选 要选只能选择一个I 或: 所有原因中最少选择一个 ，可以都选 手机号 座机 小灵通O 唯一 ：必须选择一个，不能同时选择或者都选 必选男 女R 要求 ：选择南京市 要求你一定要先江苏省M ：结果与结果的关系 |
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